"E-mails are Annoying" - Con-and Destructive Shopping Experiences for E-Businesses

Güsken, Sarah Ranjana : Cybernetics Lab IMA & IfU RWTH Aachen University, Germany

From: 2020 ISPIM Innovation Conference (Virtual)

The grocery industry is the largest industry worldwide. Contrary to other retailing sectors, online grocery shopping has not yet found its way into the mass market and consumers are often restrained with its adoption. In this research, I find by using research diaries, that several reasons for this lie in uncovered utilitarian needs. This is mainly reflected by deficient application usability of existent online grocery offerings. Furthermore, I detect, that the integration of online grocery shopping into daily life is due to insufficient product assortments, delivery flexibility and reliability as well as the customer's critical assessment of product freshness, challenging. I elaborate factors influencing the intention to use online grocery shopping and contribute by highlighting positive and negative customer experiences to the understanding of why or why not consumers adopt online grocery shopping.

"Pivot chain" to create the pairing in "Needs solutions pairs"

Hirota, Akimitsu : Kindai University, Japan

From: 2019 ISPIM Innovation Conference (Florence)

This study covers product development to realize market creation. The early stages of development of market-created products are generally highly uncertain. Therefore, there are situations where the development staff cannot clearly define what to develop at the initial stage. We focuses on "experimental behavior" in trial and error (Dyer and Christensen, et al. 2011). And we report the result of the research which paid attention to experimental behavior by prototyping. The product development process investigated is the first model of G-SHOCK by Casio Computer Co., Ltd. G-SHOCK created the shock-resistant watch (toughness watch) market. Trial and error involves the actions of failure and correction. Such actions are called "Pivot" (Furr and Dyer 2014). We analyze the development process of G-SHOCK from this "Pivot" as a clue. Based on this analysis, we will consider the contribution of Pivot to the pairing of Needs Solution Pairs (Von Hippel and von Krogh 2016).

'Business Model You' - an Alternative to Traditional Career Planning?

de Waal, Gerrit : RMIT, Australia & Maritz, Alex : La Trobe Business School, Australia

From: 2019 ISPIM Innovation Conference (Florence)

In the fast-paced, ever-changing twenty first century business environment, enterprises increasingly benefit from modelling as opposed to planning business scenarios. The same principle applies to individual employees whom are faced with great uncertainties regarding the future of jobs, hence in many people's opinion career planning is fast becoming obsolete. This is certainly true for Tim Clark, creator of the Business Model You (BMU) methodology that is based on the infamous business model canvas tool widely in use by lean start-up ventures across the globe. While the popular press reports ample anecdotal evidence for BMU adoption by employees within many organisations, to date there is no empirical evidence about the usage aspects of this innovative approach and whether it is fit for substituting traditional career planning in the modern workplace. Using a mixed method approach, this study is the first to report on the strengths and weaknesses of the BMU.

'Faster Horses' Won't Work: Bridging Strategic Foresight and Design-based Innovation

Gordon, Adam : Aarhus University, Denmark & Rohrbeck, René : Aarhus University, Denmark & Schwarz, Jan Oliver : Hochschule Fresenius University , Germany

From: 2019 ISPIM Connects (Ottawa)

Design thinking orients itself towards the future in the sense that all design is for products, services or events that will exist in the future, and be used by people in the future. This has resulted in a small literature growing up around how design thinking may be used to enhance future studies. This paper is informed by that literature, but particularly considers the relationship from the other point of view: how methods from the strategic foresight field may sharpen design thinkers' perception of the users of tomorrow they are designing-thinking for, and help design thinkers create a point of view ahead of time as to how changing contextual circumstances may reshape end-users' needs and preferences. The study rests on research into 300 design-thinking practitioners, investigating where and how they use future thinking currently, and suggesting how this need may be fulfilled in a richer and more theoretically grounded way

'Scaling research mountains': Star 'logic' brokers as triple helix guides

Kriz, Alexandra : University of Queensland, Australia & Kriz, Anton : Australian National University, Australia & Bankins, Sarah : Macquarie University, Australia & Molloy, Courtney : University of Newcastle, Australia

From: 2019 ISPIM Innovation Conference (Florence)

A major inhibitor to innovation management at an enterprise, regional and national level is how to cross the divide between government, industry and academia (triple helix). Australia is exceptional in terms of scientific publications and share of patents but is lagging considerably in enterprise-university engagement and commercialisation. This research seeks to develop an understanding of individuals who successfully traverse and overcome common constraints of a helix divide. The findings highlight the role of a key individual in this program, that we have termed a 'star logic broker', in crossing triple helix divides. The star logic broker appears to have a special ability to identify and collate opportunities, to educate and connect others, and to communicate complex problems in a precise and effective manner.

(Systematic) Open Innovation

Darrell Mann, Systematic Innovation Ltd, United Kingdom

From: 2008 ISPIM Innovation Symposium (Singapore)

In theory, the open innovation concept makes a lot of sense: present tough, unsolved problems to extremely large numbers of the world's most inventive minds and chances are someone, somewhere may either already have a solution or the wherewithal to deliver a solution. Look beyond a few well chosen 'low-hanging fruit' examples, however, and the distance between theory and practice begins to look like a rather large chasm. This paper discusses the extent and form of that chasm and reports on some of the efforts to bridge it and thus increase the likelihood of open innovation success.During the course of a four year programme of research to combine the principles of open innovation with a range of other inventive problem solving strategies, the main problems encountered during open innovation initiatives have been identified as follows: 1)The initial problem posed to the open innovation community is the 'wrong problem'. 2)Lack of objective means to determine whether a 'new' solution is better than existing solutions. 3)Failure to adequately solve the inevitable 'yes, but' problems as an external solution is imported into the specific context of the organisation posting the challenge. 4)Failure to adequately transfer the surrounding tacit knowledge from domain to domain. The paper discusses these four issues, in each case suggesting potential remedies through real case study examples taken from a range of different industry sectors.

21st Century Innovation: What is the name of the Game?

Alexander, Allen : Exeter Centre for the Circular Economy, United Kingdom; Miller, Jo : Ellen MacArthur Foundation, United Kingdom; Hopkinson, Peter : Global Center for the Circular Economy, United Kingdom; Miller, Michele : Global Center for the Circular Economy, United Kingdom;

From: 2018 ISPIM Innovation Conference (Stockholm)

The Circular Economy is a relatively immature research landscape, particularly when considered from an Innovation perspective. However it is gaining momentum and according to critics offers a solution to many of the issues currently being experienced around the world, in terms of resource shortages and the energy, food, water nexus. This study attempts to explore examples of products and services, collected by the Ellen MacArthur Foundation, to begin to understand which size of companies are developing them, what types of innovations they represent and how they might diffuse to scale. The contribution of this paper is to introduce, define and raise awareness of circular innovations whilst beginning to articulate how analysis of CE products and service might be undertaken by further studies, with the aim of informing companies and policy-makers accordingly.

24h - Innovation Marathon

Posch, Stefan : Integrated Consulting Group Innovation GmbH, Austria & Waldner, Roland : Philips Austria, Austria & Fallast, Mario : Technical University Graz, Austria

From: 2013 ISPIM Innovation Conference (Helsinki)

This presentation shows a case study of a very successful practice of an open idea generation event. 55 students worked simultaneously for 24 hours nonstop on real case problems of 11 companies. The companies came from different industries and were different in size. They formulated very different creative challenges: from hard technical challenges to marketing concepts to business model innovation. The teams had to create new solutions to these challenges within one day with no time for sleep. The feedback of the company representatives who collected the results after 24 hours proved that the teams high quality results where never expected. They could easily compete with (if not surpass) results created by the companies experts. We will share design and key success factors of this event, as well as some of the results and what can be learned from it for company internal ideation processes.

A full version of this document is not available.

3D Data for Customer Integration - Study Results & Implications

Damerau, Thomas : Fraunhofer IPK, Germany & Hayka, Haygazun : Fraunhofer IPK, Germany

From: 2015 ISPIM Innovation Conference (Budapest)

With the upcoming of Hippels active-customer paradigm in the 1980s customer integration has become a highly regarded topic in both, research and industry. Since then numerous studies have confirmed the positive effects of early integrating customers into product development. Even though companies are familiar with study findings and many handy methodical and technical solutions exist, the results of customer integration projects failing the expectations concerning quantity and quality respectively usefulness of customer feedback. Besides others, one not sufficiently considered topic is the use of product descriptive models from the engineering processes as intermediaries towards the customers. Customers, in particular Lead Users, are known for their technical expertise. Therefore the use of engineering models as enabler for direct customer-engineering interaction is a promising approach. This paper presents the findings of an experiment (n=23) that investigated the effects of using CAD models for integrating customers, from both perspectives customer and engineering.

3D printed spare parts: rethinking supply chains and business models

Jussila, Ari : VTT, Finland & Mikkola, Markku : VTT, Finland & Tanner, Hannu : VTT, Finland

From: 2017 ISPIM Innovation Summit (Melbourne)

The paper focuses on the adoption of 3D printing (also known as additive manufacturing) technology in spare parts production and its implications to manufacturing supply chains and their stakeholders' operational environment. 3D printing has been a hot topic during the recent years and the technology has taken significant steps forward. The adoption of the technology in practice is still in a rather early stage and there are many challenges (technological, organizational and business) to overcome. The paper provides models for companies to consider the potential changes in their spare part supply chains and business models, and current knowledge and insight of the implementation opportunities and challenges in Finnish companies. The results seem to reflect the situation where an industry is in an early development stage and no dominant logic or business models have yet been created.

3D printing disruptions and strategic choice. A way forward

Brophey, Glenn : Nipissing University, Canada & Frangella, John : Proto3000, Canada

From: 2014 ISPIM Americas Innovation Forum (Montreal)

The challenge addressed is how to select the resources and capabilities requiring investment to maintain a leadership position in a growing multi-sector disruptive technology (3D printing, or as it is also known, additive manufacturing). This challenge has prompted the need to choose between sectors that will likely become attractive at some unknown time, while at the same time, this firm needs to manage its risk and cash requirements as the forecasts carry a lot of uncertainty. To address these issues a forecasting tool (Roger's innovation diffusion factors) is employed in conjunction with a risk management tool (a BCG portfolio analysis modified by an 'attractiveness' scorecard) and a conventional strategic decision-making process. This presentation describes the original combining of these well-proven concepts into a process to make decisions in an environment driven by innovation.

A full version of this document is not available.

3S Process: Re-Envisioning AI in Business Education

Bhalla, Navneet : Cetana AI Inc., Canada

From: 2019 ISPIM Connects (Ottawa)

There is a gap in artificial intelligence in business education, where a style of curriculum based on strategy is missing. The 3S Process, primarily an educational framework, is presented as a method for teaching leaders how to strategically adopt artificial intelligence within their organizations. Stage 1: Story in the process is inspired by the Harvard Case Method to provide context to a problem. Stage 2: Strategy uses Design Thinking to produce candidate solutions. The substage of Empathy in Design Thinking plays a crucial role to reduce bias in designing artificial intelligence. Virtualization technology is a tool for students to experience hands-on learning in developing prototypes. Stage 3: Solution is where students advocate for their conceptual artificial intelligence solution in the context of the case study. Artificial intelligence is a type of complex system; therefore, students should consider feedback loops and the potential for unintended biases to enter a deployed solution.

55 year-long fascinating experiment inspired by Leonardo da Vinci

Farber, Boris : TRIZ Biopharma International, Noigel LLC, USA

From: 2019 ISPIM Innovation Conference (Florence)

55 years ago, I set forth to get educated in most of the fields that Leonardo Da Vinci worked in, which I have been implementing all these years. The origin of this plan was based on a gift that I received from my parents for my 10th birthday: a collection of books dedicated to Leonardo Da Vinci. Leonardo's Notebooks became my guide. I collected a list of Da Vinci's fields based on which I created my study path. This list propelled me to study in 19 different institutions and gain expert knowledge: MSc, PHDs and Dr. Sci degrees, combined all Da Vinci fields. This knowledge I have been successfully used for more than 700 hundred of my inventions and 1000 publications. 55 years experiment of fascinating da Vinci road journey approved that educations in his fields gives boost of synergy and sheds light on blind spots in his legacy in the 500th anniversary of the death of a great genius. More information

6th Generation New Product Development using Complexity Principles

Angel L. Arbonies Ortiz of MIK & Carlos Fernandez of MIK

From: 2003 ISPIM Innovation Conference (Manchester)

New product development is a process of integrating information and knowledge to transform them in new product for the organization. The process model has been evolving from different perspectives, beginning with market vs technical driven sequential processes. Then coupling and iterative models follow but remaining sequential. The rugby approach introduced the concurrency of phases with many variants, and it signified the forth generation model. In the last time with the explosion of ICTs the fifth generation models tried to perform a more integrative approach while maintaining stress on time to market strategies. We, in this paper present an experience attempting to build the 6th generation New Product Process Model using complexity principles, For instance in product design processes the intricate relationships of agents and elements produce multiple chains of interdependencies . The new product, before being a macro-change is the result of multiple interactions about the knowledge limits to design, to produce and to market the new product. On the other hand complexity explains why interventions may have un-anticipated consequences therefore questioning any rigid phased process for new product development. By following these principles of Complexity we will propose a new generation new product process based in changing both the scope of the process ( limits of knowledge ) and process ( emergency ) to excel in product innovation from all points of view. The reflection arise from the experience we had at Fagor S. Coop , the leader of the Domestic Appliances market in Spain.

7 Trends to Innovate People Engagement

Migliola, Letizia : evidentia, Italy & Forciniti, Anna : evidentia, Italy & Rossi, Laura : evidentia, Italy & Colucci, Maria Vittoria : evidentia, Italy

From: 2020 ISPIM Innovation Conference (Virtual)

Employee and team engagement is critical to innovation management. So how to enhance their motivation and commitment to facilitate the fully expression of their personal and professional qualities? Our long years experiences in different organizational contexts, dealing with innovation and people management, allowed us to intercept 7 dimensions impacting on engagement levers. 7 ways to lead people that exploit the "human" factor and act on the level of "being" more than on the "doing" one. 7 trends to switch on individual motivation, reveal personal talent, develop a sense of belonging based on identification more than on fidelity, boost fulfillment in relationships, unlock the one's potential to innovate. 7 dimensions that are calls to action: "Be aware, solid, open, mindful, passionate, disruptive, connected" Let's discover together the "why" and "how to" of each one of these dimensions!

72 hours to innovation as creative democracy

Lindhult, Erik : Mälardalen University, Sweden & Höglund, Jenny : Innovation Plant, Sweden & Mickos, Kaj : Mälardalen University, Sweden

From: 2008 ISPIM Innovation Conference (Tours)

Opening up innovation processes requires the development of forceful and efficient practices and methods that is able to mobilize and pool the creative capacities of a broader range of people. This paper will focus on a collaborative innovation design - the Innovation Plant - that in its concentrated form is a 72 hours innovation race. The purpose of the paper is to conceptualize and interpret the "72 hours to innovation" methodology from the point of view of "creative democracy", the mobilisation of the creative capacity of all. As a form of crowd sourcing, the methodology develops concentrated creativity in order to radically accelerate innovation.

A 'Networked Thinking' Approach to Business Model Design

Eurich, Markus : ETH Zurich, Switzerland & Weiblen, Tobias : University of St.Gallen, Switzerland & Breitenmoser, Pablo : ETH Zurich, Switzerland & Boutellier, Roman : ETH Zurich, Switzerland

From: 2013 ISPIM Innovation Conference (Helsinki)

Crafting a viable business model for an organization requires profound knowledge, good decision making skills, and intuition. Scientific literature provides business model designers with a spectrum of supporting techniques: cases, component-based approaches, taxonomies, conceptual models, causal loop diagrams, and design patterns. However, these techniques only provide valuable support during specific steps of the design process. There is also a tendency towards focusing on model-internal consistency, while neglecting the organization's internal dynamics and external business environment. Against this background, this study proposes a more integrated approach which spans the entire design process and comprises assumptions about the organization's specific business situation. This six step approach is based on the principles of networked thinking. It has the potential to help decision makers, business model designers and entrepreneurs to structure the business model design process and visualize, communicate, discuss, and evaluate different business model designs.

A Brazilian entrepreneurship university under open innovation and triple helix influences

Amaral, Marcelo : Universidade Federal Fluminense, Brazil & Mecena, Sérgio José : Universidade Federal Fluminense, Brazil

From: 2008 ISPIM Innovation Conference (Tours)

In recent years Fluminense Federal University (UFF) created several departments, projects and activities oriented to the development of innovations. However, it cannot be considered yet as an entrepreneur university. This paper analyses the UFF's effort of repositioning based on the experience of their technological companies incubator held in 2007. The Laboratory Initiä of Entrepreneurship and Innovation (InitiäLab) is an environment to evaluate technical and economic feasibility of new ventures. It's a network of projects, R&D and ventures which is organized in the university to improve their level of scientific knowledge translation in goods and services to society. InitiäLab's researches are working in a process of innovation concepts and models questioning and create a new vision about the interaction between academy and industry joining open innovation, triple helix and design science research concepts. The paper shows UFF and the incubator; the incubation movement in Brazil; the searching for a new model; and the perspectives to an entrepreneurship university. The result is discussion about management models of innovation environments.

A Business Model Architecture for Lean Startups

Horton, Graham : University of Magdeburg, Germany & Görs, Jana : Zephram GbR, Germany & Knoll, Stefan-Werner : University of Magdeburg, Germany

From: 2014 ISPIM Asia-Pacific Innovation Forum (Singapore)

Lean Startup is a management process for startup companies that emphasizes learning via hypothesis formulation and experimentation. The business model is the paradigm of choice for designing the startup company and for obtaining funding from venture capital firms. Although many business model architectures have been suggested in the academic literature, we believe that none is well-suited to the needs of a startup. We therefore propose a new solution that is motivated by specific attributes of the Lean Startup approach and which contains several innovative features. Our architecture consists of three aspects: the template, the value network and the goal statement. We present three examples from a real-world startup project that demonstrate the usefulness of our architecture and how it inspired a novel business idea for viral growth. We believe that our solution will improve collaboration in startup teams and help to improve the chances of success of new-venture projects.

A Business Model Framework for Clusters of Innovation

Schuh, Guenther : RWTH Aachen University, Germany & Baumann, Benjamin : RWTH Aachen University, Germany

From: 2010 ISPIM Innovation Conference (Bilbao)

A region's competitiveness is directly related to its innovative capacity. In this context, clusters of innovation have become highly topical in the public and political discussion. Unfortunately, processes within these clusters are often characterized by ineffectiveness and inefficiency due to their unplanned and casual nature. As a consequence, the demand for a strategic management of clusters of innovation and in particular for a viable and reliable business model regarding joint innovation is growing throughout "cluster literature". This paper provides a general framework for the design of business models. Due to its modular structure it can be used for various fields of application, even though it has been developed for innovation clusters. This framework is designed to support cluster managers' operational work through strategic guidelines. Furthermore, the findings will enable them to better understand the core processes in innovation clusters and to rearrange them in a more effective and efficient way.

A Business Model Innovation Approach to Sustainable Market Orientation

Garcia, Rosanna : Northeastern University, USA & Dacko, Scott : Warwick Business School, United Kingdom & Claudy, Marius : University College Dublin, Rep. of Ireland

From: 2014 ISPIM Innovation Conference (Dublin)

We look beyond the well-trodden question of why firms take a sustainability orientation and instead consider how they do so by investigating the mechanisms that enable and facilitate firms' effective adoption of sustainable market orientation as well as considering the role of innovation in addressing sustainability concerns. We find systematic patterns in the ways that the firms in our sample responded to the challenge of adopting a sustainable market orientation, and specifically the availability, activation and application of two types of important resources evident in innovations: affordances and effectivities. These resources incite business model innovations, which in turn provide the structure facilitating sustainability initiatives. We offer a theoretic model of how these elements relate to the successful adoption of sustainable market orientation and then offer testable propositions about these implications.

A Business Model Perspective on Leveraging Innovation Susceptibility

Bosbach, Kirstin : TU Berlin, Germany Tesch, Jan F. : University of Göttingen, Germany Kirschner, Uwe C. M. : Robert Bosch GmbH, Germany

From: 2017 ISPIM Innovation Forum (Toronto)

Companies nowadays face continuous changes in markets and business logics as consequence of far-reaching technological developments. Viable business models need to be designed as prerequisite of economic success. In history, companies struggled to recognise shifts in the business logic as relevant business potentials. In dynamic environments one key question for companies is how to secure future success. Companies need to be able to recognize and evaluate drivers for change that affect the business model from a strategic perspective and act upon them. This paper provides a practical approach that allows for a better identification and interpretation of innovation potential as business opportunities. A methodology for a more advanced systematisation of an early business model innovation phase is introduced. The methodology has been applied and validated in a number of industrial projects and, in this paper, will be illustrated on a simplified case study.

A full version of this document is not available.

A Capability Maturity Model for Open Innovation

Podmetina, Daria : Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland & Petraite, Monika : Kaunas Univeristy of Technology, Lithuania & von Zedtwitz, Max : Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania

From: 2019 ISPIM Innovation Conference (Florence)

Capability Maturity Models (CMM) permit defining and capturing the quality of organizational processes, and make them comparable across different contexts and implementations. CMM proposes five stages of organizational process maturity: from initial to optimising. Open Innovation (OI) has not been addressed comprehensively from a CMM perspective. In this paper, we developed and empirically validated a five-stages OI-CMM (on the data collected from over 500 European firms). We found that OI maturity is complex and includes internal aspects of knowledge absorption, sharing and dissemination, collaboration proclivity, education, leadership, rewards management support, and supporting OI organisational structures. The proposed OI-CMM can serve as a managerial tool for evaluation, developing OI organisational capabilities and processes at each maturity stage aimed at resolving innovation process asymmetries and organisational barriers.

A Capability based Defence Logistics Model

Tynnhammar, Marcus : FOI, Sweden

From: 2020 ISPIM Innovation Conference (Virtual)

Logistics is a large part still of a supply chain, specially in the context of Defense. Therefor it is important to have a model that functions within logistics but that also can handle a larger supply chain. The issue is both in terms of logistics and supply chains, but also on the different levels between strategy and all the way down to tactic. By having a model that can explain a supply chain, with a focus on logistics, on both a strategic level and a lower tactical level, assists in creating a more streamlined chain and opens up for more creativity in solving day to day issues. Another side effect is that when parts need to be innovated their function is already set and it is known what is needed to be able to deliver in each operation.

A Case Study Between Different Living Lab Approaches in Flanders

Veeckman, Carina : IBBT-SMIT, Belgium & Lievens, Bram : IBBT-SMIT, Belgium & Schuurman, Dimitri : IBBT-MICT, Belgium & De Moor, Sabine : IBBT- iLab.o, Belgium

From: 2012 ISPIM Innovation Conference (Barcelona)

The Living Lab-concept is strongly emerging in Europe as a new method and approach to facilitate innovation in ICT in which the user plays a central role of input. Today, the European Network of Living Labs assembles more than 270 Living Labs with each a different setup, approach and thematic point of view. In this paper we perform a comparative case study analysis between two recent Living Labs in Flanders, namely the Flemish Living Lab Platform and LeYLab. We situate and evaluate both cases on a theoretic as well as on a more practical level and conclude with a SWOT-analysis. The results reveal that despite facing similar objectives, the implementation of both cases strongly differs. This way, we gain a better insight into the whole structuring of Living Labs as an innovation instrument, whereby some key practices are more difficult to achieve.

A Case about the Diffusion of Co-creation Expertise in Organizations

Kraemer, Katja : FAU Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany & Roth, Angela : FAU Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany & Möslein, Kathrin : Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany

From: 2014 ISPIM Innovation Conference (Dublin)

This research explores the diffusion of co-creation expertise at a large German high tech company. The experiences and learnings of a team of innovation managers who in the last two years conducted three co-creation projects in the company build the empirical basis of the research. Hence, this article contributes to the ongoing discussion in innovation literature to enhance the organizational perspective of co-creation research. This research argues that the experiences and learnings of innovation managers who frequently conduct co-creation projects are a valuable resource for organizations. This resource fosters and strengthens the co-creation activities - supposing that innovation managers share their co-creation expertise within their organization. Results focus on the gained co-creation expertise as well as the way how the innovation managers shared their gained co-creation expertise. The paper concludes with managerial implications for organizations that aim to support co-creation activities within their organization and avenues for future research.

A Case-based Analysis of the Social Innovation Process in Real-life Contexts

Deserti, Alessandro : Politecnico di Milano, Italy; Rizzo, Francesca : University of Bologna, Italy; Komatsu Cipriani, Tamami : Politecnico di Milano, Italy

From: 2017 ISPIM Innovation Conference (Vienna)

Increasing attention is being paid towards the potential of social innovation in responding to society's greatest challenges. While measures have been taken to support the flourishing of these innovations, they have thus far been made on ideal models of development, misaligned with what occurs in reality. This had led to the creation of supporting infrastructures that fail to respond to the real needs of social innovators. The paper seeks to provide a clear picture of the real social innovation development process through a case-based discussion coming from the results of the EU research project, SIMPACT. The paper will also present areas of improvement and reflection on which to develop an evidence-based model of SI development.

A Case-study Framework for Properties of Digital Disruptive Entrants

Nielsen, Kjeld : Aalborg University, Denmark; Rosenstand, Claus : Aalborg University, Denmark; Johansen, Stine Schmieg : Aalborg University, Denmark; Brunoe, Thomas Ditlev : Aalborg University, Denmark

From: 2017 ISPIM Innovation Conference (Vienna)

While disruption is not a new phenomenon, the rise of digital technologies has created unprecedented challenges for organizations. While research on how to handle disruptive innovation has been carried out to a large extent, most studies focus on the perspective of incumbents and not on how to be a disrupter. This paper argues that there is a potential for new theoretical points in studying entrants. As a point of departure from this, a tentative framework for digital entrant case-studies is established. This is done by coupling research perspectives from disruptive innovation theory with the concept of exponential organizations. The paper presents research-in-progress where the long term ambition is to clarify capabilities to be a disruptive, digital entrant.

A Combined Approach of Search Area Determination in Strategic Foresight

Ramosaj, Bujar : Ulm University, Germany; Gentner, Daniel : Ulm University, Germany; Brecht, Leo : Ulm University, Germany;

From: 2018 ISPIM Innovation Conference (Stockholm)

Due to the rapid and ubiquitous spread of digital technologies and social media, the volume of information in the environment of a company has risen rapidly as well as the number of different sources. Environment information, stored e.g. in literature, patent and customer databases provide significant value in the strategic organization of corporate activities. However, the problem many companies face is selecting the right and crucial information from the amount of data to derive sustainable decisions in strategic foresight. Due to this fact, the goal of this paper is to develop a methodology for search area determination in an agile foresight process. Therefore, we present a single case study based on a qualitative foresight project conducted by a manufacturing company. Along the common search strategies, we highlight the application of a new search strategy that matches the dynamics of the corporate environment.

A Commercialization Process Model for Technology Innovations

Gaubinger, Kurt : Upper Austria University of Applied Sciences, Austria & Schweitzer, Fiona : Upper Austria University of Applied Sciences, Austria & Zweimueller, Rahel : Upper Austria University of Applied Sciences, Austria

From: 2012 ISPIM Innovation Conference (Barcelona)

Because of the relevance of a systematic and process-immanent consideration of commercialization activities at an early stage of technology development projects and the high economic importance of the automotive supply industry in certain European countries, the aim of this paper is to establish a commercialization framework for companies in this industry. An explorative research design was chosen to define successful process structures and appropriate management tools for commercialization activities in technology development. In a second step a quantitative pilot study was carried out to identify how different technology management and technology commercialization variables influence the success of innovation. The results of these studies and subsequent theoretical insights form the basis for the conceptual design of a process-oriented commercialization framework.

A Comparative Study of Innovation-Related Crowdsourcing Projects in Germany

Finzen, Jan : Fraunhofer IAO, Germany & Kintz, Maximilien : Fraunhofer IAO, Germany

From: 2012 ISPIM Innovation Conference (Barcelona)

Web-based crowdsourcing has become a popular way to engage users - and most of all customers - into companies' business processes worldwide. But how is the situation in Germany? In 2011 the first European crowdsourcing conference, the "CrowdConvention" was held in Berlin - a clear indication for the growing popularity of crowdsourcing. Nevertheless, little is known about how the success of crowdsourcing projects is determined by the characteristics of specific national markets. The paper presents a comparative study of 71 crowdsourcing projects, that are currently running in Germany (or have been running in 2011 and 2012) and pay special attention to such projects that are directly related to innovation management, e.g., open innovation portals and ideation contests.

A Comparative Study of Publicly Accessible Web-Based Idea Portals

Finzen, Jan : Fraunhofer IAO, Germany & Kintz, Maximilien : Fraunhofer IAO, Germany & Kobes, Stefan : Fraunhofer IAO, Germany

From: 2010 ISPIM Innovation Conference (Bilbao)

One main goal of the open innovation paradigm lies in fostering the outside-in process of innovation management. Integrating the ideas of external partners and especially customers in the development of new products and services is known to enlarge a company's innovation potential, lower the flop risk and help improve customer satisfaction. Idea web portals are one shape of tools supporting these processes and have become quite popular. They support use cases like idea creation, idea evaluation, and lead user identification. The paper presents results from a currently ongoing survey of web-based idea portals. We focus on such portals that allow users to publicly utter and discuss new ideas or provide solutions to previously announced problems. We note that the number of such portals has been continuously growing ever since the late nineties and are concerned with the question of how to support interested companies in selecting a suiting portal.

A Comparison of Japanese and European R&D Characteristics by the Degree of Technological Integration in the Field of Advanced Technologies

Sakata, Junichi : The Institute of Tokyo Technology, Japan

From: 2009 ISPIM Innovation Conference (Vienna)

Topic In order to reduce investment risks associated with research and development (R&D) in the area of advanced technologies, this paper presents the results on an analytical method used to clarify the R&D phases related to inventions, from the exploratory to developmental stages, by measuring the integration degree of technologies from different fields. Problems Generally, risks are taken by R&D institutions when they are not able to derive new results, nor have the capacity of using research outcomes to create innovative products; it is assumed that this phenomenon is prominent, particularly in unexplored fields of cutting edge technologies. Current Understanding The switch to R&D actitivties allowing the rapid transition from basic research results to commercial products will make it possible for companies to compete against others in commercializing technologies. Research Question When comparing the stages of inventions in the field of advanced technologies, both at the dawn of R&D (exploratory stage) and at the coming out stage until the product's release (late development phase), our paper assumes that invention patents in the early phase cover a relatively wider technological range than the ones in the later phase; therefore, figuring out this shift in research phases, by technological integration degrees in time series variation, has been established as being consistent in the fields of MEMS, uel ells and hotovoltaics. Design/methodology/approach Data from patent applications (unexamined publications) are used in the present research since they are considered as the end results of R&D activities. Each patent application data is given one or more International Patent Classification (IPC) codes. Within this classification, two types of codes are employed: the Main IP codes, indicating the primary technologies of the patent data, and the CO-IPC codes, representing the different technological characteristics of an invention. Allotting a CO-IPC code denotes that the data contains multiple technologies simultaneously. Using IPC codes from each patent data, the analytical approach of this paper categorizes inventions depending upon "the degree of integration amongst different technological areas. Inventions in advanced technology fields can thus be defined into three categories: Mix type for inventions combining technologies from different fields ; Only type for the ones resulting from the integration of several technologies within the same field; Mono IPC type defining inventions of a single technological element. This paper analyzes the shift in ratios of these three invention types in time series. This paper focuses on fuel cells and photvoltaics. The IPC code for MEMS is B81, fuel cell is H08M1/00 and photvoltaic cell is H01L31/04. By extracting the data from an innovative database developed by the present authors, this analysis sheds light on patent application data that were allotted the H08M1/00 and H01L31/04 classes of the Main IPC between 2000 and 2004. Findings + Disparities between the characteristics of the companies' core competences are visualized by innovation positions: technical uniqueness of a company is directly reflected by its innovation position. + As regards innovation positions, dissimilarities exist between "dominant companies" and the "lower-ranked applicant group". The latter group, which has less additional constraints on inventions, holds a higher ratio for the Mix type compared to the top ranked applicants. Contribution As technology develops, the ratio of inventions based on the integration of different technological fields (Mix type) decreases while those based on narrower technological fields (Only type, Mono-IPC type) increase. Practical implications In order to analyze the progress of research based on the integration of leading edge technologies, three types of patent data categorization (i.e., Mix type, Only type and Mono-IPC type) are introduced by expanding the definition of IPC Co-Occurrence. The concept of innovation coordinate is defined naturally by calculating the construction ratio of each technological category. It is suggested that as the technology develops, the ratio of inventions based on the integration of different technological fields (Mix type) decreases while those based on narrower technological field (Only type, Mono-IPC type) increase.

A Computer-Aided Framework For Alliance Partner Selection

Jari Varis of Lappeenranta University of Technology & Kalle Elfvengren of Lappeenranta University of Technology

From: 2003 ISPIM Innovation Conference (Manchester)

This paper introduces a practical method for supporting the challenging task of partner selection for a business alliance. This study is based on a case application which focuses on the selecting and prioritizing the telecommunications company's criteria for alliance partner selection related to the development of new mobile applications for business clients. The main focus is on assessing the usefulness of a group support system (GSS) and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) as tools for the evaluation of the possible candidates for alliance partners. The typical features and general advantages of GSS and AHP can be effectively exploited to facilitate criteria generation and alternative analysis for selection problems. These case experiences will be described here in more detail.

A Conceptual Method Combining Scenario Planning And Technology Roadmapping

Hussain, Mohsan : Aston University, United Kingdom & Tapinos, Efstathios : Aston Business School, United Kingdom & Knight, Louise : Aston University, United Kingdom

From: 2014 ISPIM Innovation Conference (Dublin)

A great number of foresight methodologies exist for anticipating uncertainty and envisioning the future, which are mostly based on exploring at the system or the macro level and then examining the impact on the subject of research such as global uncertainties, an industry, the organization or a technology. However, there are few examples to foresight simultaneously the 'big picture' and the subject of research. This paper presents the development of a conceptual method that mixes Scenario Planning for the development of alternative plausible future states at the macro level and then employs Technology Roadmapping for the strategic development of specific technologies. The conceptual method is proposed to be deployed for organizations which require the understanding of long term macro environments but also desire to develop foresight specific to a given technology. Keywords: Technology Roadmapping; Scenario Planning; Multimethodology Foresight.

A Configurational View on Ambidexterity: Understanding Ambidexterity and Innovation

von Gottberg, Julian : Independent Author, Chile & Matheus, Thomas : NA, United Kingdom

From: 2014 ISPIM Innovation Conference (Dublin)

This study aims to explain why and how exactly aspects of ambidexterity relate to an organisation's ability to innovate. Qualitative research is conducted through semi-structured interviews with innovation experts from an outdoor company that is renowned for its pioneering products. Template analysis is used to develop a holistic configurational view on ambidexterity. It is found that structural ambidexterity positively affects innovation, as it allows for explorative and exploitative activities to be pursued separately and in this way appears to be most beneficial regarding each activity. Furthermore, the findings indicate that aspects of contextual ambidexterity within each structural subunit create alignment and integration between both units and contribute to the effectiveness of the structural solution. Hence, the most significant indication of these findings is that ambidexterity should contain both structural and contextual elements in order to benefit firms in their pursuit of incremental and radical innovations.

A Constructivist Approach for Technology-based Entrepreneurship

Giones, Ferran : La Salle - Ramon Llull University, Spain & Zhou, Zhao : Center for Technology and Innovation Management - Leiden University, Netherlands & Miralles, Francesc : La Salle - Ramon Llull University, Spain & Katzy, Bernhard : Center for Technology and Innovation Management - Leiden University, Netherlands

From: 2012 ISPIM Innovation Conference (Barcelona)

This article examines how entrepreneurs transform technology-based ideas into entrepreneurial opportunities through an inductive field study of six ventures. The observed difficulties of entrepreneurship promotion policies to spur technology-based ventures, has opened a debate on the need of tailored support mechanisms. Dominant perspectives of entrepreneurship that assume the ability of entrepreneurs to accurately plan the opportunity exploitation process, contrast with the limited certainty of technological ideas. This research uses the constructivist view to deepen in the complementary processes that are seen to support technology-based entrepreneur's conceptualization of the opportunity into an objective reality. The results show how the iteration with knowledgeable peers and consensus building efforts are an essential part of the emergence of the opportunity, changing both entrepreneur's and stakeholders' perception of the initial idea. Consequently, results support the suitability, regardless of the context, to take appropriate measures to introduce social construction support mechanisms to foster technology-based entrepreneurship.

A Contemporary View on Market Orientation and Customer Co-Creation

Gelhard, Carsten : University of Muenster, Germany & Kortmann, Sebastian : University of Amsterdam, Netherlands & Leker, Jens : University of Muenster, Germany

From: 2014 ISPIM Innovation Conference (Dublin)

We augment the predominating economic view on market orientation by adding a social dimension (strategic emphasis of social values). In this way, we contribute to the current debate on the 'double bottom line' and propose that firms have to consider various demands that go beyond economic needs and also cover more fundamental societal needs. We suggest that the pursuit of a more holistic view on market orientation, comprising responsive market orientation, proactive market orientation, and the strategic emphasis on social values, enables firms to fully tap into the customer`s knowledge via customer co-creation. Here, we additionally analyze the impact of customer co-creation on a firm's innovativeness. Using top-level executive data in India, our structural equation model shows that innovativeness is driven by proactive market orientation, strategic emphasis on social values, and customer co-creation, which, in turn, is supported by responsive market orientation and the strategic emphasis on social values.

A Correlation Analysis of Policy Instruments in Industrial Innovation Systems for High-tech Industrial Development

Chia-Han Yang of National Chiao Tung University, Jerry Tang of National Chiao Tung University & Joseph Z. Shyu of National Chiao Tung University

From: 2007 ISPIM Innovation Conference (Warsaw)

This research aims to analyze the critical linkages between policy instruments and the requirements of industrial innovation system. The growing interest in the role of industrial innovation system must be understood in the context of creating a policy instrument aiming at a systematic promotion of localized learning processes in order to secure the innovativeness and competitive advantage of regional economies. This understanding aids policymakers in relocating resource of national policies for optimally applying them in the requirements of industrial innovation system. The research adopts the analytical dimensions of industrial environment and technological system, to represent the composition of industrial innovation system, thereby evaluating the correlation with twelve policy instruments respectively in supply, demand, and environmental sides. The results of study reveal that the policy instruments of political, scientific & technical, information, and legal and regulation should be emphasized for high-tech industrial development due to their highly correlation with industrial innovation system. In the meanwhile, the requirements of industrial innovation system of factor conditions and variety creation mechanism would more probably be strengthened by the related policy instruments. Not only does the result provide a mechanistic understanding about the roles of policy instruments in industrial innovation system, it also gives a guideline of strategic policy allocation for policymakers.

A Critical Success Factors Model for Radical Technological Innovations

Wohlfeil, Florian : Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany & Terzidis, Orestis : Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany

From: 2015 ISPIM Innovation Conference (Budapest)

Ever shorter product life cycles force technology driven companies to be innovative in order to stay competitive in the long-term. Especially radical innovations enable companies to reach strong market positions and are thus desirable. However, their realization is related to a high level of risks and costs. Correspondingly, knowing the factors influencing success is sensible for the innovating organization. The focal paper builds on a previously developed conceptual framework of Critical Success Factors for radical technological innovations. Taking this framework as a research guide, 19 qualitative expert interviews have been conducted to evaluate, adjust, and validate the set of Critical Success Factors. The resulting framework contains 28 Critical Success Factors that are arranged in three separate dimensions: innovation context, innovation process, and innovation success. Hence, the framework will be named Innovation-Context-Process-Success (ICPS) framework.

A Decentralized Consent Management System for COVID-19-associated Data

Pfister, Franz MJ : Digital Helix GmbH, Germany & Katzenbach, Philipp : Unity AG, Germany & Hildebrand, Niko : Unity AG, Germany & Gollan, Michael : Hypertegrity AG, Germany & Jung, Hans H : Unity AG, Germany

From: 2020 ISPIM Innovation Conference (Virtual)

On 01/09/2020, the World Health Organization published a statement regarding a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China. After its outbreak in 2019, the pandemic coronavirus disease (COVID-19) rapidly spread across the world. Better data-driven insights could have helped to prevent its fast spread. The focus of this paper is the development of system architecture models for a written informed consent system and the creation and evaluation of a modular set of solutions for a minimum viable product (MVP) in the context of the COVID-19 outbreak. The components facilitate an environment that equips data subjects with security and trust regarding the protection of their personal data while incentivizing users of the solution by benefitting from the generated insights, enhancing their safety and wellbeing. In addition, the solution makes potentially relevant medical and other data available for academic and industrial researchers to contribute to research and development efforts to counter COVID-19.

A Development Strategy for University Technology Licensing Offices in Korea

Lee, Byoung Chul : Foundation of Agri. Tech. Commerchialization & Transfer, Korea, Republic of & Byun, Jung Wook : SungKyunKwan University, Korea, Republic of & Kim, Yun Bae : SungKyunKwan University, Korea, Republic of

From: 2012 ISPIM Innovation Conference (Barcelona)

The amount of R&D investment by Korean universities has been rapidly increasing but with insufficient result in the area of technology licensing. Although its reason can be found in the fact that the majority of technologies researched and developed in universities are either original technologies or lab-level technologies, personnel and policy limitations of university technology licensing office (TLO) of Korean universities are considered as the biggest factor. In response to such structural limitation, there are opinions that propose dispersing the function that centers on TLO and introducing free competition system. It is necessary, however, to analyze the present condition and examine the policy effect prior to introducing such system. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to analyze the present condition and issues of Korean industry-university cooperation foundation and examine ways to improve the result of technology licensing by universities.

A Development of the Educational Program for Production Manager through ABC-G Network

Ishii, Kazuyoshi : Kanazawa Institute of Technology, Japan & Ichimura, Takaya : Nihon University, Japan

From: 2010 ISPIM Innovation Conference (Bilbao)

This paper deals with the development of an educational program for manufacturing managers in leadership roles who are making contributions toward the use of manufacturing technology for the creation of customer satisfaction above and beyond what is generally expected. The basic concept combines an intelligent knowledge-based approach with the kaizen activity program within the framework of value creation and comparative advantage models based on a network referred to as Academia, Business, Consultancy, and Government (ABC-G). This educational program, which reflects the characteristics of manufacturing technologies and practices in the Hokuriku District of Japan, was developed in 2005-2006, and runs and continuous improvements of this program were conducted from 2006 and 2009 in close collaboration with local manufacturing companies and their employees. The results are informative of the effects of educating manufacturing managers in Japan and the problems that will have to be overcome for the continuous improvement of the program.

A Dialogical Approach to increase "Matching" Efficiency before CBM

Faham, Jérémie : ESTIA - Institute of Technology, France & Daniel, Maxime : ESTIA - Institute of Technology, France & Tyl, Benjamin : APESA Innovation, France & Lizarralde, Iban : ESTIA - Institute of Technology, France & Garagorri, Iñaki : Universidad de Deusto, Spain & Legardeur, Jérémy : ESTIA - Institute of Technology, France

From: 2016 ISPIM Innovation Conference (Porto)

The 2014-2020 European Union cohesion policy settled the obligation to establish "Research and Innovation Strategies for the Smart Specialization" (RIS3) to build competitive advantages for each region. The originality of RIS3 is the "bottom-up" identification of regional priorities through the "Entrepreneurial Discovery" (ED) process which stresses the need to involve all the regional "entrepreneurs" (RE) - companies, research, consulting, public authorities etc. - into the design of territorial orientations. However there is a lack of recommendations to implement it into heterogeneous regions. The Collaborative Business Models (CBM) approach has probably a role to play within this process as a suitable strategic tool to set up regional "value networks". However, the preparatory stage of CBM and especially the identification and the matching processes among potential RE partners is often not addressed. This work is a proposition to answer this issue of matching in order to improve the CBM efficacy within RIS3.

A Disruptive Approach to Activating Consumer Insights

Jorgenson, Matthew : Direction First, Australia

From: 2017 ISPIM Innovation Summit (Melbourne)

Recent research shows that only 28% of global insights managers believe they spend enough on research, but they report that there is no correlation spend and the quality of insight. On average, 45% of insights professionals claim that almost half the money they spend on research is wasted in uncovering findings that they already knew, or never get used. The challenge for many is making it easy to work with insights every day, without having to commit a serious time and effort investment. To focus on the need to know, not the things we already have explored. The Insights Activation Studio allows stakeholders to engage with insights easily through on online platform, and even an AI driven chatbot. The cases presented will show how companies have used this approach to get more from their insights, and their stakeholders.

A full version of this document is not available.

A Dynamic Perspective of Managing and Measuring Innovation in Thailand Software Industry

Trakulyingyong, Thanadej : Chulalongkorn University, Thailand

From: 2010 ISPIM Innovation Conference (Bilbao)

After systematically reviewing innovation management literature, I propose these clear dimensions of measuring innovation: strategic factors, enabling factors, knowledge and technological management, and dynamic capability. The underlying elements of these factors are innovation strategy, organizational strategy, knowledge management and technology strategy, and absorptive capacity. Each factor is measured by strategic orientation and leadership, structure, culture, idea generation, knowledge repository, and information flow. New guidelines for implementing this strategy are developed as a result of measuring each factor. A single case study is used to analyze how an innovative Thai software company developed innovative products and what steps it used. A selected case study of the top Thai innovative software company confirms that its successes are the result of implementing such a strategy and that the above factors match the company's innovation strategy.

A Framework for Analyzing Benefits and Risks of Inter-Company Business Process Outsourcing

Jorma Papinniemi of Lappeenranta University of Technology, Jukka Hallikas of Lappeenranta University of Technology & Hannu Kärkkäinen of Lappeenranta University of Technology

From: 2006 ISPIM Innovation Conference (Athens)

Due to the fast-increasing trend of inter-firm networking and the intensification and deepening of organizational partnerships, the integration of companies' business processes has become an increasingly important topic during the last decade. As the electronization of B2B processes is a fairly new integration effort in companies, benefits and especially risks are still not well enough identified or managed. It has also become clear that BPO provides far more than mere cost savings to firms that use it. BPO has become a strategic business choice that can be leveraged for competitive advantage as well. When a business outsources a process to a vendor whose core competence is centered on that process, the buyer is likely to experience service-level enhancements that can be turned into competitive advantage. The objective of this paper was to develop a preliminary framework for assessing the service quality of business process outsourcing services, the vendors of which have been rapidly increasing. We have carried out literature review, conducted a case study in a business network environment, as well as developed a preliminary framework for BPO assessment. The framework helps to organize the relevant information for BPO decision making in an illustrative way.

A Grounded Technology Trend Analysis for Strategic Foresight

Schulz, Ingo : SKF, Germany; Schmid, Philipp : SKF, Germany; Bot-Schulz, Rosemarie : Grind Consult, Germany

From: 2017 ISPIM Innovation Conference (Vienna)

Technology trend analysis is an important tool for strategic foresight. It helps determine the actual position of a technology in its life cycle. Based on this information a company can take the decision, whether to invest in the technology, to continue observing it or to ignore it. In this paper an approach is presented how to do a technology trend analysis systematically, covering as much information sources as possible and to merge the available data into a common framework. As scientific methodology social science's Grounded Theory has been used. On one hand this allows the verification of the technology, i.e. which of the known technology life cycle theories fit to it. On the other hand, it allows the construction of a new life cycle theory, if necessary.

A Gss Process to Generate New Product Ideas and Business Concepts

Kalle Elfvengren of Lappeenranta University of Technology, Samuli Kortelainen of Lappeenranta University of Technology and Markku Tuominen of Lappeenranta University of Technology

From: 2005 ISPIM Innovation Conference (Porto)

This Paper introduces a Process for Brainstorming New Product ideas and Business Concepts. The Developed Process Utilizes a Group Support System. It aims to Enhance the innovation Process and the Transfer of Knowledge inside a Company by offering effective means for cooperation. The paper reports the experienes and findings of using the developed process in business cases.

A Guided Visual Tool for supporting the front-end of innovation

Kan John, Priscilla : Australian National University, Australia & Lear, Emmaline : Australian National University, Australia & L'Espoir Decosta, Patrick : Australian National University, Australia & Gregor, Shirley : Australian National University, Australia & Sun, Ruonan : Australian National University, Australia & Stephen, Dann : Australian National University, Australia

From: 2020 ISPIM Innovation Conference (Virtual)

We present early work on the design and development of a guided visual tool, the Project Client Map (PCM), intended to assist students in their class projects solving real-world challenges with industry clients. A Design Science Research approach is used whereby we contribute to existing knowledge through the design of an artefact (the PCM) with a clear goal and utility. Problem understanding is an essential step to seed the ideation process in front-end innovation. This involves a good grasp of the organisational, environmental and human contexts of the problem under scrutiny. Existing tools focus generally on either the organisational, environmental or human aspects of a problem, but there is no formalised roadmap on how to use them together. The PCM is aimed at addressing this gap. We present a first version of the PCM, which we intend to refine after further evaluation and feedback.